O5-8 Drive for Muscularity Behaviors in Male Bodybuilders: A Trans-Contextual Model of Motivation

Abstract Background The drive for muscularity behaviors are very common in male athletes, especially in male bodybuilders. Studies have shown that drive for muscularity is a risk factor for eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Although several psychological variables have been related to drive for muscularity (e.g. body dissatisfaction), little is known about the motivational mechanisms underlying drive for muscularity.This study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to the drive for muscularity behaviors of male bodybuilders at risk of developing muscle dysmorphia. The relationships between self-determination theory constructs and drive for muscularity behaviors, via the theory of planned behavior variables were examined. Methods A total of 175 Swiss male bodybuilders (Mage = 27.34; SDage = 7.53) completed measures on motivation for sport, theory of planned behavior variables, and drive for muscularity behaviors. They practiced bodybuilding from three to 24 hours per week and had done so for 7.19 years on average. A series of path analyses was performed to determine the final model. Results The fit indices of the final model were satisfactory: X2 (11) = 13.81; p = .244; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04. The model explained 29% of the variance of drive for muscularity behaviors. The final path analysis supported the motivational sequence, with autonomous motivation for sport showing a positive, significant and indirect association with the drive for muscularity behaviors via perceived behavioral control and intention to gain muscle mass, and controlled motivation for sport showing a positive association with the drive for muscularity behaviors both directly and via attitude and intention to gain muscle mass. Conclusions It was concluded that the trans-contextual model of motivation applies only partially to the drive for muscularity behaviors in male bodybuilders. Preventive actions may be important for male bodybuilders, who focus on gaining muscle mass. Specifically, such actions should be directed toward helping them to avoid developing controlled motivation because, although motivation for sport of any kind can be a direct or indirect risk factor for the development of deviant behavior, controlled motivation seems be put them at greater risk.


Background
The drive for muscularity behaviors are very common in male athletes, especially in male bodybuilders. Studies have shown that drive for muscularity is a risk factor for eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Although several psychological variables have been related to drive for muscularity (e.g. body dissatisfaction), little is known about the motivational mechanisms underlying drive for muscularity.This study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to the drive for muscularity behaviors of male bodybuilders at risk of developing muscle dysmorphia. The relationships between self-determination theory constructs and drive for muscularity behaviors, via the theory of planned behavior variables were examined. Methods A total of 175 Swiss male bodybuilders (Mage = 27.34; SDage = 7.53) completed measures on motivation for sport, theory of planned behavior variables, and drive for muscularity behaviors. They practiced bodybuilding from three to 24 hours per week and had done so for 7.19 years on average. A series of path analyses was performed to determine the final model.

Results
The fit indices of the final model were satisfactory: X 2 (11) = 13.81; p = .244; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04. The model explained 29% of the variance of drive for muscularity behaviors. The final path analysis supported the motivational sequence, with autonomous motivation for sport showing a positive, significant and indirect association with the drive for muscularity behaviors via perceived behavioral control and intention to gain muscle mass, and controlled motivation for sport showing a positive association with the drive for muscularity behaviors both directly and via attitude and intention to gain muscle mass.

Conclusions
It was concluded that the trans-contextual model of motivation applies only partially to the drive for muscularity behaviors in male bodybuilders. Preventive actions may be important for male bodybuilders, who focus on gaining muscle mass. Specifically, such actions should be directed toward helping them to avoid developing controlled motivation because, although motivation for sport of any kind can be a direct or indirect risk factor for the development of deviant behavior, controlled motivation seems be put them at greater risk. Keywords: drive for muscularity behaviors; male bodybuilders; trans-contextual model of motivation; self-determination theory; theory of planned behavior Physical activity policy Abstract citation ID: ckac094.041 O6-1 Exploring the association between green space attributes and physical activity to inform urban planning and policy Ina Š uklje Erjavec 1 , Jana Kozamernik 1 , Vita Ž lender 1 1 Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia Corresponding author: inas@uirs.si Publicly accessible green open spaces such as parks, playgrounds and urban forests are key environments within urban tissue for promotion of health-enhancing physical activities (HEPA). The association between green open space and physical activity has been a subject of numerous studies, most of them focusing on factors affecting the use of green space for HEPA. However, there are inconsistencies among studies about associations between spatial characteristics of a public open space (e.g. size, distance, safety, quality) and HEPA. This presents a struggle for urban designers and policy makers to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines for designing green open spaces to promote HEPA. Slovenian planning and management plans are no exception to this. In order to effectively overcome this shortfall, we developed an approach and methodology combining current knowledge, planning evaluation and an empirical study. Accordingly, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of current national legislation and documents related to public health, physical activity promotion and spatial planning. We also carried out workshops, focus groups, and discussions with relevant public health experts, decision makers and planners. To assess the practical relevance of the factors identified by experts and research literature, we tested the proposed approach and guidelines on a pilot study in the municipality of Kocevje, which is the largest Slovenian municipality, characterized by one town (Kocevje) and a number of small villages. Pilot study encompassed analysis of the municipality documents and spatial plans, spatial analyses, a survey among 176 residents of the municipality, and interviews with relevant representatives of local authority.
The analysis of the planning plans showed that there is not one single official document which would stress the importance of green open space for HEPA, either on strategic or implemental level. Furthermore, the pilot study proved great differences between the town and surrounding villages, the town being insufficient in supply of green spaces suitable for walking or cycling, whilst villages were lacking open spaces as a setting where people could engage in physical activity. Based on the results, we underline the importance of the topic to

Background
Global research shows a strong link between physical activity and risk of developing non-communicable diseases. To increase physical activity levels, governments must design and implement a comprehensive set of policy actions across a range of areas. To aid governments in this process, the MOVING benchmarking tool was developed to assess the strength of policies across three domains that make up a comprehensive approach to physical activity policy.

Methods
The MOVING benchmarking tool, which was developed using a consultative process that reviewed evidence on physical activity policy design and existing benchmarking tools, built 2022 HEPA Europe Conference ii47